Classification of All Single Traveling Wave Solutions to (3 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

In order to get the exact traveling wave solutions to nonlinear partial differential equation, the complete discrimination system for polynomial and direct integral method are applied to the considered equation. All single traveling wave solutions to the equation can be obtained. As an example, we give the solutions to (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation.

• The Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation; Complete Discrimination System for Polynomial; Direct Integral Method; Traveling Wave Transform; (3 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

Keywords

The Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation; Complete Discrimination System for Polynomial; Direct Integral Method; Traveling Wave Transform; (3 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation

1. Introduction

For the past decades, to deal with nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), many methods have been developed. These methods have been widely applied to many PDEs to obtain the exact solutions. Recently, a method named the complete discrimination system for polynomial method has been proposed by Liu [1] -[5] . By Liu’s method, we can obtain the classification of single traveling wave solutions to some PDEs. For the PDE being considered, we take the traveling wave transformation and integrate it. The PDE can be directly reduced to ordinary differential equation (ODE) which can be turned into the integral form as follows:

where is a n-th order polynomial. By Liu’s method, we can obtain the classification of all solutions to the Equation (1).

In this paper, we take into account (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, and it reads as

where a, b, c, d and e are arbitrary constants.

Equation (2) was originally proposed by Lin [6] to study the Virasoro-type symmetry algebra. Li [7] got some solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions of Equation (2) by using a simple transformation relation and solving the ordinary differential equation. Shi [8] gave some exact solutions of Equation (2) by turning it into KdV equation though introducing a simple transformation, and so on.

2. Classification

For Equation (2), we take the traveling wave transformation, and can obtain the corresponding reduced ODE as follow

Integrating Equation (3) with respect to once , we simplify it and yield

where is an integral constant.

Let

Then we have

Or equivalently

Integrating the Equation (7) once with respect to, we get

where is an integral constant. For purpose of use the complete discrimination system for the third order polynomial, we have the following solving process.

Let

Then Equation (8) becomes

where, , and is a function of. The integral form of Equation (8) is

Denote

According to the complete discrimination system, we give the corresponding single traveling wave solutions to Equation (2).

Case 1. has a double real root and a simple real root. Then we have

When, the solutions to Equation (8) are as follows

The corresponding solutions to Equation (2) are

Case 2. has a triple root. Then we have

The corresponding solution to Equation (2) is

Case 3. has three different real roots. Then we have

When, the corresponding solutions to Equation (2) is

When, the corresponding solutions to Equation (2) is

where.

Case 4. has only a real root. Then we have

When, the corresponding solutions to Equation (2) is

where, are integral constants in Equations (18)-(20), (22), (24), (25) and (27).

In Equations (24) (25) and (27), we give the expression of some signals as follow

The solutions are all possible exact traveling wave solutions to Equation (2). We can see it is easy to write the corresponding solutions to (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation.

3. Conclusion

From the descriptions above, we use the complete discrimination system for polynomial and direct integral method to obtain all possible traveling wave solutions to (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation. This method is direct and effective. With the same method, some of other equations can be dealt with.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the referees for their valuable suggestions.

References

1. Liu, C.S. (2007) Classification of All Single Travelling Wave Solutions to Calogero-Degasperis-Focas Equation. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 48, 601-604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/48/4/004

2. Liu, C.S. (2010) Applications of Complete Discrimination System for Polynomial for Classifications of Traveling Wave Solutions to Nonlinear Differential Equations. Computer Physics Communications, 181, 317-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2009.10.006

3. Liu, C.S. (2008) Solution of ODE and Applications to Classifications of All Single Travelling Wave Solutions to Some Nonlinear Mathematical Physics Equations. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 49, 291-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/49/2/07

4. Liu, C.S. (2006) All Single Traveling Wave Solutions to (3+1)Dimensional Nizhnok-Novikov-Veselov Equation. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 45, 991-992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/45/6/006

5. Liu, C.S. (2008) Representations and Classification of Traveling Wave Solutions to Sinh-G?rdon Equation. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 49, 153-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/49/1/33

6. Lin, J., Lou, S.-Y. and Wang, K. (2001) High-Dimensional Virasoro Integrable Models and Exact Solution. Physics Letters A, 287, 257-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(01)00488-1

7. Li H.-M. and Lou, S.-Y. ,et al. (2002)The Analytical Solutions of (3 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Model Journal of Liaoning Nomal University (Natural Science Edition) 25, 23-26.

8. Shi, Y.-R., Duan, W.-S., Lv, K.-P. and Yang, H.-J. (2004) Exact Solutions of (3 + 1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equation. Journal of Liaoning Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 27, 155-157