In this work, the HB method is extended to search for similarity reduction of nonlinear partial differential equations. This method is generalized and will apply for a (2 + 1)-dimensional higher order Broer-Kaup System. Some new exact solutions of Broer-Kaup System are found.
In the past few decades, there has been the noticeable progress in the construction of the exact solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations, which has long been a major concern for both mathematicians and physicists. The effort in finding exact solutions to nonlinear differential equation, when they exist, is very important for the understanding of most nonlinear physical phenomena. For instances, the nonlinear wave phenomena observed in fluid dynamics, plasma and optical fibers are often modelled by the bell shaped sech solutions and the kink shaped tanh solutions.
We consider the following a (2 + 1)-dimensional higher order Broer-Kaup system:
which is obtained from the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation by the symmetry constraint [1].
The systems (1)-(4) were given by Li et al [2] solving it via a transformation and tanh-function method to obtain many new exact solutions. Jain et al. [3] reduced a system to a simple (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation through a simple transformation, and by using the new generally projective Riccati equation expansion method to explore many families of soliton-like and periodic solutions for it. Recently, Li et al. [4] have obtained some new types of multisoliton solutions for the systems (1)-(4) by using some simple transformations as and homogenous balance method.
The homogenous balance (HB) method is a powerful tool to find solitary wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. Fan et al. [5] presented an improved HB method to obtain more other kinds of exact solutions and introduced a continuation of [5] in [6]. The traditional method for finding similarity reduction of nonlinear partial differential equations is to use classical Lie approach [7,8]. However, the method involves tedious algebraic calculations and still can not be used to find all similarity solutions. Recently,Clarkson and Kruskal devloped a direct and simple method to find more similarity solutions of nonlinear PDEs.
In this work, the HB method is extended to search for similarity reduction of nonlinear partial differential equations. So, more solutions can be obtained by the improved HB method. This method is generalized and can be applied to other nonlinear partial differential equations [9-15].
Similarity Reduction of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
We describe the main steps of our method. For a given PDE, say in three variables, say
we seek its similarity reductions in the form
where is a constant to determine by balancing between the highest order derivative of the linear terms of and the nonlinear terms of, where are regarded as undetermined functions.
Substituting from Equation (6) into Equation (5) and collecting all terms of with the same derivative and power. To make the associated equation be an ordinary equations of and, requiring ratios of their coefficients being functions of, we obtain a set of determining equations for and other undermined functions, from which and will be obtained.
To explain this method, we will apply for a (2 + 1)-dimensional higher order Broer-Kaup system (1)-(4), we suppose their similarity solutions are of the form
where
are determined functions. Balancing the highest order of linear term with the nonlinear terms in every equations (1)-(4) to determining we obtain
the Equation (64) take the following form
Substituting Equations (9)-(12) into the original system (1)-(4) and collecting all terms of with the same derivative and power leads to
To make Equations (13)-(16) be an ordinary differential equations of and only for, the ratios of the coefficients of different derivative and power of f,g,h,k must be functions of. That is to say, the following constrained conditions are satisfied
where are some arbitrary functions of to be determined and take the following form
(86)
There are freedoms in the determination of which can exploit the following rules, without loss of generality:
If has the form then we can assume that
If has the form then we can assume that
If has the form then we can assume that
If has the form then we can assume that
If is defined by an equation of the form, we can also assume that (make the transformation)
From Equation (17), we get
integrating Equation (87) with respect to, we get
integrating Equation (89) with respect to we obtain
By using the rule (e) into Equation (90), we obtain a function in the form
substituting from Equation (90) into Equations (17), (20), (24), (25), (26), (53), (54), (55), (56), (63), (64), (71), (72), (73), (76), (77), (80), (83)and (84) we obtain
where which clear in equation (91)
By using Equation (91) into Equation (18), we get
where .
By apply the rule (a) on Equation (93), we obtain
(94)
substituting from Equations (91), (94) into Equation (20), we obtain
using Equations (91)and (94) into Equation (19), we get
where
By using the rule (c) into the above equation (96) to become in the form
then Equation (96) take the form
substituting from Eqs.(), (94), (97) into Equations (20), (23), (25), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33)and (34), we obtain
from Equation (91) into Equation (57), we get
where
By using the rule (b) into the above equation (99)
(100)
substituting from Equations.(91), (94) and (97), into Equations.(61), (62), (65), (68), (75), (78), (81)and (82) then,we obtain
Substituting from Equations (91), (94), (97) and (101) into Equations (60), (69), (70), we obtain
where
and
Using this notation, the equation (97) take the following form
((108))
substituting Equations (97) and (100) into Equation (74), we obtain
using any equation which we need into Equation (28), we obtain
where
By using the rule (d) after differential with respect to into Equations (110), we obtain
(111)
Substituting into Equations (9)-(12), we obtain the similarity solutions of the Broer-Kaup system Equations (1)-(4) in the form
(112)
where
with
Substituting from Equation (112) to obtain an ordinary differential equations from the origin system (1)-(4), we get
where
The general solution for the variable which satisfy Equations (105)-(107) are
(118)
where are arbitrary constants.
There some subcases for the constants
the solutions of Equations (105)-(107) are
(119)
where are arbitrary constants. In this case the equations (114)-(117) take the form
the solutions for equations (120)-(123) are
(124)
To obtain the solutions for the original system (1)-(4), we substituting from the equations (119), (124) into Equations (112), we get
REFERENCES
[1] H. A. Zedan, “Exact Solutions for the Generalized KdV Equation by Using Backlund Transformations,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 348, No. 8, 2011, pp. 1751-1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2011.04.013
[2] D.-S. Li, et al., “Solving the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher Order Broer-Kaup System via a Transformation and Tanh-Function mEthod,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1021-1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2003.09.006
[3] J. Mei, et al., “New Soliton-Like and Periodic Solution of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher Order Broer-Kaup System,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2004, pp. 669-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.02.023
[4] D.-S. Li, et al., “Some New Types of Multisoliton Solutions for the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 152, No. 3, 2004, pp. 847-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0096-3003(03)00601-5
[5] E. G. Fan and H. Q. Zhang, “A Note on the Homogeneous Balance Method,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 246, No. 5, 1998, pp. 403-406.
[6] E. G. Fan, “Two New Applications of the Homogeneous Balance Method,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 265, No. 5-6, 2000, pp. 353-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00010-4
[7] G. Bluman, “Symmetries and Differential Equations,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4307-4
[8] P. J. Olver, “Applications of Lie Group to Differential Equation,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0274-2
[9] P. A. Clarkson, “New Similarity Solutions for the Modified Boussinesq Equation,” Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 22, No. 13, 1989, pp. 2355-2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/22/13/029
[10] Y. Yu, Q. Wang and H. Q. Zhang, “The Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Method to Solve a Generalized Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV Equations,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2005, pp. 1415-1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.04.011
[11] J. L. Zhang, M. L. Wang, Y. M. Wang, Z. D. Fang, “The Improved F-Expansion Method and Its Applications,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 350, No. 1-2, 2006, pp. 103-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.10.099
[12] E. M. E. Zayed and H. Zedan, “On the Solitary Wave Solutions for Nonlinear Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV of Equations,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2004, pp. 285-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2003.12.045
[13] A. M. Wadati, “Introduction to Solitons,” Pramana: Journal of Physics, Vol. 57, No. 5-6, 2001, pp. 841-847.
[14] Z. Chen, D. H. Zhao and J. Ruan, “Dynamic Analysis of High-Order Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Time Delay,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2007, pp. 1538-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.095
[15] Hassan A. Zedan, “Solution of (3 + 1) - Dimensional Nonlinear Cubic Schrodinger Equation by Differential Transform Method,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol. 2012, 2012, 14 p.
NOTESReferencesH. A. Zedan, “Exact Solutions for the Generalized KdV Equation by Using Backlund Transformations,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 348, No. 8, 2011, pp. 1751-1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2011.04.013D.-S. Li, et al., “Solving the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher Order Broer-Kaup System via a Transformation and Tanh-Function mEthod,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1021-1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2003.09.006J. Mei, et al., “New Soliton-Like and Periodic Solution of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher Order Broer-Kaup System,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2004, pp. 669-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.02.023D.-S. Li, et al., “Some New Types of Multisoliton Solutions for the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 152, No. 3, 2004, pp. 847-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0096-3003(03)00601-5E. G. Fan and H. Q. Zhang, “A Note on the Homogeneous Balance Method,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 246, No. 5, 1998, pp. 403-406.E. G. Fan, “Two New Applications of the Homogeneous Balance Method,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 265, No. 5-6, 2000, pp. 353-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00010-4G. Bluman, “Symmetries and Differential Equations,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4307-4P. J. Olver, “Applications of Lie Group to Differential Equation,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1986.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0274-2P. A. Clarkson, “New Similarity Solutions for the Modified Boussinesq Equation,” Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Vol. 22, No. 13, 1989, pp. 2355-2365.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/22/13/029Y. Yu, Q. Wang and H. Q. Zhang, “The Extended Jacobi Elliptic Function Method to Solve a Generalized Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV Equations,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 26, No. 5, 2005, pp. 1415-1421.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.04.011J. L. Zhang, M. L. Wang, Y. M. Wang, Z. D. Fang, “The Improved F-Expansion Method and Its Applications,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 350, No. 1-2, 2006, pp. 103-109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.10.099E. M. E. Zayed and H. Zedan, “On the Solitary Wave Solutions for Nonlinear Hirota-Satsuma Coupled KdV of Equations,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2004, pp. 285-303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2003.12.045A. M. Wadati, “Introduction to Solitons,” Pramana: Journal of Physics, Vol. 57, No. 5-6, 2001, pp. 841-847.Z. Chen, D. H. Zhao and J. Ruan, “Dynamic Analysis of High-Order Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Time Delay,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2007, pp. 1538-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.095Hassan A. Zedan, “Solution of (3 + 1) - Dimensional Nonlinear Cubic Schrodinger Equation by Differential Transform Method,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Vol. 2012, 2012, 14 p.
(86)
(94)
(100)
(111)
(112)
(118)
(119)
(124)
